Charity Christian Aid said industrialised nations were historically responsible and therefore morally liable to foot the multi-billion dollar cost of tackling the problem of man-made emissions of carbon gases.
"Nations that have grown rich in part by polluting without facing the costs of doing so must now repay their carbon debt to the developing world," agencies quoted Andrew Pendleton, the report author, as saying.
The report is aimed directly at a meeting next month of environment ministers on the Indonesian island of Bali, which environmentalists want to agree to open urgent talks on a new global climate protocol.
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